To start standalone server with the default server config (standalone.xml):
$JBOSS_HOME/bin/standalone.sh

To start standalone server on custom, non-default port numbers, using offset=1, 2, 3, etc (negative offset number is invalid).  When starting with offset 1, you will have http port number 8081 (the default 8080+1), CLI port number 10000 (the default 9999+1), admin console port 9991 (the default 9990+1), etc.
standalone.sh -Djboss.socket.binding.port-offset=1

To start standalone server with a specific server config (just the config file name in $JBOSS_HOME/standalone/configuration directory, do not specify its file path):

standalone.sh -c standalone-full.xml
standalone.sh --server-config=standalone-ha.xml
standalone.sh --server-config standalone-full-ha.xml

To avoid/disable "Press any key to continue..." when running JBoss AS7 commands on Windows:
> set NOPAUSE=true
> standalone
> jboss-cli

To start standalone server in debug mode at default debug port 8787, or at a different port, e.g., 6000:
standalone.sh --debug
standalone.sh -d
standalone.sh -d 6000
standalone.sh --debug 6000

To start domain:
domain.sh

To save the PID from AS process, define the environment variable JBOSS_PIDFILE and LAUNCH_JBOSS_IN_BACKGROUND:
export LAUNCH_JBOSS_IN_BACKGROUND=true
export JBOSS_PIDFILE=$JBOSS_HOME/pid

To stop the default standalone server or domain, with :shutdown operation request (there is no shutdown command):
jboss-cli.sh --connect --command=:shutdown
jboss-cli.sh -c "/:shutdown()"
jboss-cli.sh -c /:shutdown
jboss-cli.sh -c :shutdown

To restart
jboss-cli.sh -c ":shutdown(restart=true)"

To stop the standalone server right now no matter what. If the server is running, it has the same effect as Ctrl-C. If the server is not running, $JBOSS_PIDFILE is not present and so nothing is done.
/bin/kill -9 `cat $JBOSS_PIDFILE`

To exit from the shell started with jboss-cli.sh, use any of the following (Ctrl-D does not work, though):
[standalone@localhost:9999 /] Ctrl-C
[standalone@localhost:9999 /] exit
[standalone@localhost:9999 /] quit
[standalone@localhost:9999 /] q

To list all deployed applications, with either deploy or undeploy command (-l option gives more details about the deployed applications):
jboss-cli.sh -c deploy
jboss-cli.sh -c undeploy

jboss-cli.sh -c "ls deployment"
jboss-cli.sh -c "deploy -l"
jboss-cli.sh -c "undeploy -l"

To deploy an application:
jboss-cli.sh -c "deploy $HOME/tmp/hello.war"

To redeploy (forcefully overwrite any existing deployed app) an app:
jboss-cli.sh -c "deploy --force $HOME/tmp/hello.war"

To undeploy an application:
jboss-cli.sh -c "undeploy hello.war"

To get CLI help info:
jboss-cli.sh help
jboss-cli.sh -c help

To show help info for deploy command:
jboss-cli.sh -c "deploy --help"

To display the version of the current running JBoss AS, along with $JBOSS_HOME, $JAVA_HOME, java.version, os.name, os.version, etc:
jboss-cli.sh -c version

To create a string or primitive JNDI resource. Do not quote the value attribute, otherwise the quote will become part of the content. Also need to escape whitespace.
jboss-cli.sh -c "/subsystem=naming/binding=java\:global\/env\/flag:add(binding-type=simple, type=boolean, value=true)"

jboss-cli.sh -c "/subsystem=naming/binding=java\:global\/env\/text:add(binding-type=simple, type=java.lang.String, value=This\ is\ a\ text\ value.)"

To create an alias for a JNDI resource (java:global/env/condition is an alias for java:global/env/flag):
jboss-cli.sh -c "/subsystem=naming/binding=java\:global\/env\/condition:add(binding-type=lookup, lookup=java\:global\/env\/flag)"

To list server extensions, profiles, subsystems, network interfaces, or socket-binding-groups:
jboss-cli.sh -c "ls subsystem"
jboss-cli.sh -c "ls extension"
jboss-cli.sh -c "ls profile"
jboss-cli.sh -c "ls interface"
jboss-cli.sh -c "ls socket-binding-group"
 
To create a datasource witht the default h2 database: 
data-source add --name=test-ds --jndi-name=java\:jboss\/datasources\/test-ds --driver-name=h2 --connection-url=jdbc\:h2\:mem\:test;DB_CLOSE_DELAY\=-1

data-source enable --name=test-ds

To verify a datasource and check if a connection can be obtained: 
data-source test-connection-in-pool --name=test-ds

To disable a datasource: 
data-source disable --name=test-ds 

To delete a datasource: 
data-source remove --name=test-ds